Statement of the problem: Adequate natural light in the house is always considered one of the advantages of a house in the housing market. However, the extent of this effect on the price of housing is unclear. Despite the importance of this issue for buyers, according to the searches conducted, it was found that no official and accurate information has been recorded in this field. Research Objective: With the aim of investigating the extent of the effect of housing lighting conditions on its price, this research examined important and influential issues in property pricing in the country's market that are related to the quality of light. These issues were separated and the effect of each on the final price of housing was determined. Research Method: Searches were conducted and it was determined that there is no official report and information regarding the effect of natural light on housing prices. Then, traditional and existing methods for property pricing were analyzed, and factors related to house lighting were extracted. The prices of similar houses that differed in only one of the desired factors were extracted and compared. Conclusion: The extent of the effect of lighting conditions on various factors was approximately determined and it was shown which factors are ignored in the traditional methods available for measuring the natural lighting conditions of a unit. A more detailed and scientific examination of housing lighting conditions can be useful and helpful for all parties in the real estate market.

This study aims to explore the influence of natural light in interior architecture on mental health, highlighting architectural strategies that optimize daylight exposure to enhance psychological well-being. A scientific narrative review method was employed, analyzing scholarly articles published between 2015 and 2025 from databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. The selection criteria focused on studies related to natural light in architectural design and its psychological effects, using thematic analysis to synthesize key findings on the relationship between daylight exposure and mental health. The review reveals that natural light significantly enhances mood, reduces stress, and improves cognitive performance by regulating circadian rhythms and promoting visual comfort. Architectural strategies such as large windows, skylights, atriums, and reflective surfaces are effective in maximizing daylight exposure. The findings highlight that natural light contributes to mental well-being in various settings, including workplaces, educational institutions, healthcare facilities, and residential spaces, underscoring its importance in human-centric architectural design. Integrating natural light into architectural design is essential for creating environments that support mental health. Thoughtful spatial design that prioritizes daylight exposure enhances well-being, cognitive function, and emotional resilience, making it a critical consideration in contemporary architecture.

Urban design in hot–arid cities has often depended on implicit intuition rather than transparent, testable rules. This study develops a parametric framework that translates conceptual design principles into an algorithmic flowchart, making the design of a city’s “main structure” explicit and reproducible. Through content analysis of structuralist, typological, and collective-form theories, we identified key parameters—including functional scale, durability, accessibility, connectivity, and visual legibility—and adapted them to climate-specific conditions. The results showed that connectivity, scale, and orientation thresholds were most decisive in shaping resilient urban routes, centers, and icons in the linear cities in the hot arid areas. By embedding these parameters in a stepwise, code-free algorithm, the method allows designers to evaluate alternatives systematically rather than relying on intuition. The contribution lies in operationalizing theoretical concepts into a portable design tool for hot–arid contexts, advancing both the scientific understanding of climate-adapted urban structure and the practical capacity to integrate parametric methods into early-stage planning.

Background: The need for a rapid, noninvasive method for unwanted hair removal has led to the development of various light sources for this purpose. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Intense Pulsed Light Source (IPLS) on unwanted hairs. Patients & Methods: In this open, uncontrolled clinical trial, 77 different anatomical areas in 34 referred patients to "Novin Didegan Clinic" in Tehran in 1380-1381, were treated by IPLS at fluencies ranging from 22 to 34 j/cm2 after their demographic data and the number of hairs were recorded. The 3 to 7 treatment sessions were accomplished 4 to 6 weeks apart. All of the patients were followed 6 months after the last therapy. The quantitative data were  analyzed by paired t test. Results: Six months after the last therapy, more than 50% reduction in number of hairs was noted in 80% of the treated areas; with mean reduction of 72±23 percent. Side effects were mild and reversible and occurred in ten patients. Conclusion: The IPLS appears to provide an effective and safe method for long term excess hair removal in various skin types.      

The growing need for energy in all dimensions, especially in residential and office use, has made the need to use renewable energy sources a vital issue. It is generally assumed that Light Shelf is a useful tool for daylight utilization. Therefore, most green buildings benefit from this technology without a realistic assessment. The purpose of this study is to objectively investigate the ability of Light Shelf to improve daylight as well as visual comfort by experimental research in Guilan. In this experimental study, the Scale Model on 1: 5 scale was built and investigated the effects of a Light Shelf system that uses different illumination (light intensity) interiors with outside amount of light while resizing the interior and exterior Light Shelf size. The data were analyzed statistically and the performance of Light Shelf in different ways was analyzed. The results show that in 73% times, the Light Shelf can increase daylight in the depth. Contrary to the notion that the use of optical light could reduce the intensity of light and subsequently reduce grey near the window, it was found that the use of this system could only 43% reduce the intensity of light and grey near the window.

Background & Aim: Impression making is considered as an important step in the fixed prosthodontics.the different impression material and techniques have been supposed to be important in the dimensional changes of dies. Furthermore, the results of different studies in this regard are contradictory. The present study compared the results of two impression making techniques of putty-wash including two-step with space and double -wash using LIGHT and SUPER LIGHT viscosity.Materials & Methods: In this experimentalinvitro study on the laboratory model, 10 impressions were made using two-step putty-wash technique with space and 10 impressions were made using double-wash techniqueby means of LIGHT and SUPER LIGHT viscosity. The impressions were poured using Velmix gypsum after 30 minutes. The height and diameter of the dies without undercut and the distance between two dies were measured 6 times while the variables were measured 3 times in the gypsum models by a blind operator using profile projector with an accuracy of micron. The mean values were calculated and the dimensions of the gypsum laboratory models were statistically analyzed by t- test.Results: The die height was decreased using both techniques of two-step with space and double-wash technique with LIGHT and SUPER LIGHT viscosity. The decrease was more pronounced in the double-wash technique by LIGHT and SUPER LIGHT viscosity. However, no significant differences were found between both techniques (P>0.05). Die diameter without undercut was significantly decreased in the double-wash technique by LIGHT and SUPER LIGHT viscosity (P<0.0001) while it was increased in the two-step technique with spaces. Slight distances were observed between two dies in the two-step impression technique with space. However, the distance between dies were increased using double-wash technique by LIGHT and SUPER LIGHT viscosity with significant differences (P<0.0001).Conclusion: The die diameter was decreased in the impression technique of double-wash using LIGHT and SUPER LIGHT viscosity while the distance between base teeth have been increased in this technique. Therefore, the technique is not accurate and needs more assessments.

The main sources of all natural light are the sun, the moon and the stars. In other words, the principle source of illumination is the light as mediated by atmosphere. According to some philosophers, spiritual and holy light include not only material and quantified aspect, but because of non-physical properties it treats as a spiritual connector between God and man. The light is the main part of existence which not only contacts to the surface of objects, but also helps them to form. Light is the key of finding space fundamental in making holy places meaningful. This paper tries to make a comparative analysis about the role of the light in some of most famous sacred buildings around the world. As such, the methodology preferred in this piece of research is based on descriptive, analytic and comparative method.

Considering the light as one of the important ecological factors in silviculture and forest ecology, this paper aims to present some information about light regime at different forest stands. Sample plots were laid out in natural forest types, including: Ironwood (Parrotia persica)-Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), Chestnut leaved Oak (Quercus castaneifolia)-Hornbeam, pure and mixed Beech (Fagus orientalis), Hornbeam-Beech and mixed broadleaves stands as well as in some pure and man made stands including chestnut leaved oak, Maple (Acer velutinum), Alder (Alnus subcordata) and Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens). Quantitative characteristics of the trees were assessed and one hemispherical photo was taken with fisheye camera within the plots. The photos were analyzed with GLA. Results showed that the canopy openness varied from 9.6% to 29.4% in the natural stands and from 0.9% to 17.2% in the plantations. Relative light intensity varied between 11.8% (pure beech) and 35.9% (hornbeam-beech) in the natural stands and between 1.4% (pure cypress) and 25.1% (pure alder) in the plantations. The minimum Leaf Area Index (LAI=1.4) was computed in the hornbeam-beech stand, whereas the maximum (LAI=5.8) was found in the pure cypress plantation. A various range of sun flecks was observed within the studied stands from 20 sun flecks with 200 minutes of direct sun light per day in the ironwood-hornbeam stand up to 2100 sun flecks with receiving of 2 minutes direct sunlight per day in the pure alder plantation. The maximum energy received in the studied stand of the Caspian forests was 43 MJm-2 in June. Knowledge of light climate in the forest stands can be applied in silvicultural tendings, to improve tree quality.